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hoʻolauna

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Papa Kuhikuhi

• E hoʻomaopopo i ka mea

• Pehea e koho ai i ka ʻoki anu kūpono

• Hopena

E hoʻomaopopo i ka mea

Nā Hoʻokaʻawale Mea Maʻamau

ʻO nā noi nui ma ka mākeke ʻO ka ʻoki anu e pili ana i ka mākeke papa metala.

ʻO nā papa hao he ʻekolu mau māhele nui:

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma o nā mea:

1. nā mea hoʻonaninani metala hao
2. nā mea hoʻonaninani metala ʻole ferrous
3. nā mea hoʻonaninani metala kūikawā

Metala ʻEleʻele

ʻO nā mea metala ferrous i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻenekinia, ʻo ia ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia a me ke kila, ʻo ia nā metala i hana ʻia me ka hao a me ke kalapona nā mea nui.

He aha nā mea e hiki ai ke ʻoki i nā huahana ʻoki anu?

Hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā mea kila kalapona waena, kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa

ʻO ke kila kalapona e pili ana i nā hui hao-kalapona me ka nui o ke kalapona ma lalo o 2.11%

Ma muli o ka nui o ke kalapona, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i:

Ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa (0.1 ~ 0.25%)

Ke kila kalapona waena (0.25~0.6%)

Ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe (0.6 ~ 1.7%)

1. Ke kila palupalu

ʻIke ʻia hoʻi he kila palupalu, ʻo ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa me ka nui o ke kalapona mai 0.10% a i 0.25% he maʻalahi ke ʻae i nā hana like ʻole e like me ka forging, kuʻihao a me ka ʻoki ʻana. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia e hana i nā kaulahao, nā rivets, nā bolts, nā ʻauamo, a pēlā aku.

Nā ʻAno o ke Kila Māmā

Ke kila kihi, ke kila kahawai, ke kaola I, ka paipu kila, ke kaha kila a i ʻole ka papa kila.

Ke kuleana o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa

Hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā ʻāpana hale like ʻole, nā ipu, nā pahu, nā umu, nā mīkini mahiʻai, a pēlā aku. ʻOki ʻia ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe i loko o nā papa lahilahi e hana i nā huahana hohonu e like me nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā uhi mīkini; ʻoki ʻia hoʻi i loko o nā kaola a hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā ʻāpana mīkini me nā koi ikaika haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka mālama wela ʻana o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.

ʻO nā mea me ka nui o ke kalapona ma mua o 0.15% ua carburized a cyanided paha a hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana e like me nā ʻauamo, nā bushings, nā sprockets a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e pono ai nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka ʻaʻahu.

He palena ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kila palupalu ma muli o kona ikaika haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻonui kūpono ʻana i ka nui o ka manganese i loko o ke kila kalapona a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā nui liʻiliʻi o vanadium, titanium, niobium a me nā mea hoʻohuihui ʻē aʻe hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka ikaika o ke kila. Inā hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ke kalapona i loko o ke kila a hoʻohui ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka alumini, kahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻokumu boron a me carbide, hiki ke loaʻa kahi hui bainite kalapona haʻahaʻa loa nona ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a mālama i ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi.

1.2. Ke kila kalapona waena

Ke kila kalapona me ka nui o ke kalapona o 0.25% ~ 0.60%.

Nui nā huahana e like me ke kila i pepehi ʻia, ke kila hapa-i pepehi ʻia, ke kila i hoʻolapalapa ʻia a pēlā aku.

Ma waho aʻe o ke kalapona, hiki iā ia ke loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi (0.70% ~ 1.20%).

Wahi a ke ʻano o ka huahana, ua māhele ʻia i ke kila kila kalapona maʻamau a me ke kila kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe.

Maikaʻi ka hana hoʻomehana a me ka hana ʻoki ʻana, akā maikaʻi ʻole ka hana kuʻihao. ʻOi aku ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī ma mua o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī ma mua o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia nā mea i ʻōwili wela ʻia a me nā mea i huki anu ʻia me ka ʻole o ka mālama wela, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma hope o ka mālama wela.

Loaʻa i ke kila kalapona waena ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana he mau waiwai mechanical piha maikaʻi. ʻO ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa e hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ma kahi o HRC55 (HB538), a ʻo σb he 600 ~ 1100MPa. No laila, ma waena o nā hoʻohana like ʻole me nā pae ikaika waena, ʻo ke kila kalapona waena ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea kūkulu hale, hoʻohana nui ʻia hoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana mechanical like ʻole.

Nā ʻAno o ke Kila Kalapona Waena

40, 45 kila, kila i pepehi ʻia, kila hapa-i pepehi ʻia, kila e paila ana…

Ke Kūlana o ke Kila Kalapona Waena

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila kalapona waena no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana neʻe ikaika kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā compressors ea a me nā pistons pamu, nā impellers turbine mahu, nā ʻau mīkini kaumaha, nā ilo, nā kia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā ʻāpana pale ʻili, nā crankshafts, nā mea hana mīkini Spindles, nā wili, nā mea hana bench, a pēlā aku.

1.3.Kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe

I kapa pinepine ʻia he kila kila, loaʻa iā ia ke kalapona mai 0.60% a 1.70% a hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia.

Hana ʻia nā hāmare, nā crowbars, a pēlā aku i ke kila me ka nui o ke kalapona o 0.75%; ʻo nā mea ʻoki e like me nā wili, nā piula wai, nā reamers, a pēlā aku ua hana ʻia i ke kila me ka nui o ke kalapona o 0.90% a i 1.00%.

Nā ʻAno o ke Kila Kalapona Kiʻekiʻe

Ke kila 50CrV4: He ʻano kila elastic loa a ikaika kiʻekiʻe, i hana nui ʻia me ke kalapona, chromium, molybdenum a me vanadium a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hana i nā pūnāwai a me nā mea hana forging.

65Mn kila: He kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe a paʻakikī hoʻi i haku ʻia me ke kalapona, manganese a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia e hana i nā pūnāwai, nā pahi a me nā ʻāpana mīkini.

75Cr1 kila: He kila kila kiʻekiʻe-kalapona, kiʻekiʻe-chromium, i haku nui ʻia me ke kalapona, chromium a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe kona a me ke kūpaʻa i ka ʻaʻahu ʻana a hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā pahi ʻoki a me nā mea hoʻomaʻalili.

Ke kila C80: He ʻano kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe ia, i haku ʻia me nā mea e like me ke kalapona a me ka manganese. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia e hana i nā ʻāpana ikaika kiʻekiʻe e like me nā pahi ʻoki, nā papa wili a me nā pūnāwai.

Ke Kūlana o ke Kila Kalapona Kiʻekiʻe

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe no

1. Nā ʻāpana kaʻa
   Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā ʻāpana e like me nā pūnāwai kaʻa a me nā pahu paleki e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana a me ka hana o ke kaʻa.
2. Nā pahi a me nā pahi
   ʻO ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe he mau ʻano o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā mea ʻokiʻoki a me nā mea hoʻokomo, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻoki ʻana a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola hana.
3. Nā mea hana hana
   Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā make forging, nā mea hana forging anu, nā make wela, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pololei a me ka ikaika o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia.
4. Nā ʻāpana mīkini
   Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā ʻāpana mechanical like ʻole, e like me nā bearings, nā kia, nā huila huila, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono hana a me ka hiki ke lawe i ka ukana.

(2) Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma o ka hoʻohuihui kemika

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila e like me kona ʻano kemika a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke kila kalapona a me ke kila huila

2.1. Ke kila kalapona

He hui hao-kalapona ke kila kalapona me ka nui o ke kalapona he 0.0218% ~ 2.11%. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi he kila kalapona. Loaʻa pū kekahi i nā liʻiliʻi o ka silicon, manganese, sulfur, a me ka phosphorus. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ke kalapona i loko o ke kila kalapona, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka plasticity.

2.2. Ke kila kila

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kila kila ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe i ke kila kalapona maʻamau. Wahi a ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kila i ke kila kila haʻahaʻa (ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui ≤5%), ke kila kila waena (5% ~ 10%) a me ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe (≥10%).

Pehea e koho ai i ka ʻoki anu kūpono

Nā mea ʻokiʻoki: He kūpono ka ʻoki anu metala maloʻo no ka hana ʻana i ke kila hao haʻahaʻa, ke kila kalapona waena a me ka haʻahaʻa, ka hao hao, ke kila kūkulu a me nā ʻāpana kila ʻē aʻe me ka paʻakikī ma lalo o HRC40, ʻoiai nā ʻāpana kila i hoʻololi ʻia.

No ka laʻana, kila poepoe, kila kihi, kila kihi, kila kahawai, paipu huinaha, I-beam, aluminika, paipu kila kila (i ka wā e ʻoki ai i ka paipu kila kila, pono e hoʻololi ʻia ka pepa kila kila kūikawā)

Nā lula koho maʻalahi

1. E koho i ka helu o nā niho o ka pahi ʻoki e like me ke anawaena o ka mea ʻoki

2. E koho i ka moʻo pahi ʻoki e like me ka mea

Pehea ka hopena?

1. Ka hopena o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea

Hopena

ʻO ka mea i luna aʻe ka pilina ma waena o kekahi mau mea a me nā pahi ʻoki, a pehea e koho ai iā lākou.
Aia nō hoʻi i ka hāmeʻa i hoʻohana ʻia. E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe maopopo i ka nui kūpono, e ʻimi i ke kōkua mai kahi loea.

Inā makemake ʻoe, hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā pono hana maikaʻi loa.

Ua mākaukau mau mākou e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā mea hana ʻoki kūpono.

Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako i nā pahi ʻoki poepoe, hāʻawi mākou i nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo huahana, ka lawelawe ʻoihana, a me ke kumukūʻai maikaʻi a me ke kākoʻo ma hope o ke kūʻai aku!

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