Nigute Uhitamo Iburyo bwa Fibre Cement Ikata Icyuma

Ikibaho cya sima ya fibre (FCB) cyahindutse ibikoresho byingenzi mubwubatsi kubera imbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya umuriro, kurwanya ubushuhe, no kuramba. Nyamara, ibigize bidasanzwe - kuvanga sima ya Portland, fibre yimbaho, umucanga wa silika, ninyongeramusaruro - bitera ingorane zikomeye mugihe cyo gutema: ubukana bwinshi (bukunze gukonjeshwa ku nkombe), ibintu byinshi bya silika (kubyara umukungugu wa kirisiti ihumeka, ingaruka mbi zubuzima bugengwa na OSHA 1926.1153), nibintu byangiza (kwihutisha kwambara). Kubakora, abashoramari, nabahimbyi, guhitamo icyuma cyiburyo ntabwo ari ugukata neza kandi neza; bijyanye kandi no kubahiriza amahame yumutekano, kurengera ubuzima bwabakozi, no kwirinda kwangiza ibikoresho.

Iyi ngingo isenya gahunda yo gutoranya isesengura ibintu byaciwe (FCB), ibona ibisobanuro byerekana ibyuma, ibikoresho bihuye, imiterere yumusaruro, hamwe nibisabwa - byose bihujwe nibisabwa na OSHA yubuhumekero bwa silika ya silika ya silika hamwe nibikorwa byiza byinganda.

2. Isesengura ryibikoresho byaciwe: Ikibaho cya Fibre Cement (FCB) Ibiranga

Intambwe yambere muguhitamo icyuma kibonye ni ugusobanukirwa imiterere yibikoresho, kuko bigena neza imikorere yicyuma gikenewe.

2.1 Ibigize Byibanze no Gukata Ibibazo

Ikibaho cya sima ya fibre mubusanzwe igizwe na 40-60% ya sima ya Portland (itanga imbaraga), fibre yibiti 10-20% (kongera ubukana), umucanga wa silika 20-30% (kuzamura ubucucike), hamwe ninyongeramusaruro nke (kugabanya gucamo). Ibi bihimba bitera ibibazo bitatu byingenzi byo guca:

• Silica ivumbi: Umucanga wa Silica muri FCB urekura umukungugu wa kirisiti ya silisiki ihumeka mugihe cyo gutema. OSHA 1926.1153 itegeka kugenzura ivumbi rikomeye (urugero, sisitemu yo guhumeka yumuriro / sisitemu ya LEV), bityo icyuma kibisi kigomba kuba gihuye nibikoresho byo gukusanya ivumbi kugirango hagabanuke ivumbi.
• Ubukonje no gukata: Matrix ya sima-umucanga iracitse, mugihe fibre yibiti yongeramo ibintu byoroshye. Imbaraga zingana zo gukata cyangwa kutabona neza amenyo atera byoroshye gukata inkombe, bigira ingaruka kumyanya yubuyobozi hamwe nubwiza bwiza.
• Abrasion: Umucanga wa Silica ukora nkibintu byangiza, byihuta byambara. Matrisa yicyuma nibikoresho byinyo bigomba kugira imbaraga zo kwambara kugirango ubuzima burambye.

2.2 Ibintu bifatika bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo icyuma

• Ubucucike: Ubucucike bwa FCB buri hagati ya 1,2 na 1.8 g / cm³. Ikibaho cyinshi cyane (urugero, inkuta zo hanze) zisaba ibyuma bifite ibikoresho byinyo bikomeye (urugero, diyama cyangwa karubide ya tungsten) kugirango wirinde kwihuta.
• Umubyimba: Ubunini busanzwe bwa FCB ni 4mm (ibice by'imbere), 6-12mm (kwambika hanze), na 15-25mm (panneux stratifique). Ikibaho kibyibushye gisaba ibyuma bifite ubushobozi buhagije bwo gukata hamwe na matrices ikomeye kugirango wirinde gutandukana mugihe cyo gutema.
• Kurangiza.

3. Yabonye Blade Ibisobanuro: Ibipimo byingenzi byo gukata Fibre Cement Board

Ukurikije ibiranga FCB n'ibipimo bya OSHA (urugero, imipaka ya diameter ya blade yo kugenzura ivumbi), ibipimo bikurikira bikurikira ntibishobora kuganirwaho kugirango bikore neza kandi byubahirizwe.

3.1 Diameter ya Blade: Kubahiriza gukomeye hamwe na ≤8 Inch

Kuri OSHA zombi 1926.1153 Imbonerahamwe 1 nibikoresho ibikoresho byimyitozo myiza,amaboko y'intoki zo gukata FCB agomba gukoresha ibyuma bifite diameter ya santimetero 8 cyangwa munsi yayo. Iki gisabwa ntabwo ari ubushake:

• Gukusanya ivumbi: Gukata FCB bishingiye kuri sisitemu yo guhumeka neza (LEV). Icyuma gifite ubunini burenze santimetero 8 cyarenga ubushobozi bwa sisitemu ya LEV (OSHA itegeka ≥25 metero kibe kumunota [CFM] yumuyaga kuri santimetero imwe ya diameter). Urugero, icyuma cya santimetero 10, gisaba 50250 CFM - irenze kure ubushobozi busanzwe bwa LEV ifite ubushobozi bwo gutuma imyuka ihumanya itagenzuwe.
• Umutekano wibikorwa. Ibyuma binini byongera ibyago byo gutandukana cyangwa gusubira inyuma, bigahungabanya umutekano.

Amahitamo asanzwe ya diametre yo gukata FCB: santimetero 4 (ibiti bito byamaboko yo gukata bigufi), santimetero 6 (gukata rusange-intego ya FCB), na santimetero 8 (panne ya FCB yuzuye, kugeza kuri 25mm).

3.2 Ibikoresho bya Matrix: Kuringaniza ubukana no kurwanya ubushyuhe

Matrix (“umubiri” wicyuma) igomba kwihanganira gukuramo FCB nubushyuhe butangwa mugihe cyo gutema. Ibikoresho bibiri by'ibanze bikoreshwa:

• Icyuma gikomeye (HSS): Birakwiriye gukata amajwi make (urugero, ahakorerwa kubaka-gukoraho). Itanga ubukana bwiza ariko irwanya ubushyuhe buke - gukata igihe kirekire bishobora gutera matrix, biganisha ku kugabanuka kutaringaniye. HSS matrices irahenze ariko irasaba guhinduka kenshi kugirango umusaruro mwinshi.
• Ibyuma bya karbide: Icyifuzo cyo gukata amajwi menshi (urugero, uruganda rwambere rwibikoresho bya FCB). Igikoresho cya karbide cyongera imbaraga zo kwambara, mugihe icyuma gikomeza gukomera. Irashobora kwihanganira gukata guhoraho kwa 500+ ya FCB (6mm yubugari) itarinze, ihuza nibikorwa bikenewe.

3.3 Igishushanyo cyinyo: Kurinda gukata no kugabanya umukungugu

Igishushanyo cyinyo kigira ingaruka itaziguye yo gukata ubuziranenge (impande zombi) no kubyara ivumbi. Kuri FCB, ibiranga amenyo akurikira birakomeye:

• Kubara amenyo: Amenyo 24-48 kuri buri cyuma. Kubara amenyo make (amenyo 24-32) ni kuri FCB yuzuye (15-25mm) cyangwa gukata vuba - amenyo make agabanya ubushyamirane nubushyuhe ariko birashobora gutera uduce duto. Kubara amenyo maremare (amenyo 36-48) ni ya FCB yoroheje (4-12mm) cyangwa panne-yubusa-amenyo menshi akwirakwiza imbaraga zo gukata neza, bikagabanya gukata.
• Imiterere y'amenyo: Ubundi buryo bwo hejuru hejuru (ATB) cyangwa gusya inshuro eshatu (TCG). Amenyo ya ATB (hamwe hejuru hejuru) nibyiza mugukata neza kubikoresho byoroshye nka FCB, kuko byacishije muri materique ya sima ntajanjagura impande. Amenyo ya TCG (uruvange rw'impande ziringaniye kandi zometseho) zitanga uburebure burambye bwo gukuramo FCB, bigatuma bikwiranye no gukata amajwi menshi.
• Umwanya w'amenyo: Umwanya mugari (.51.5mm) urasabwa kwirinda ivumbi. Gukata FCB bitanga umukungugu mwiza; gutandukanya amenyo magufi birashobora gufata umukungugu hagati y amenyo, kongera ubushyamirane no kugabanya umuvuduko wo guca. Umwanya mugari utuma umukungugu uhunga mu bwisanzure, ugahuza na sisitemu yo gukusanya ivumbi rya LEV.

3.4 Igipfukisho: Kuzamura imikorere no kubaho

Kurwanya anti-friction bigabanya ubushyuhe hamwe no gufunga ivumbi, kwagura ubuzima bwicyuma no kunoza guca neza. Imyenda isanzwe ya FCB yabonye ibyuma:

• Nitride ya Titanium (TiN): Ipitingi yamabara ya zahabu igabanya ubukana 30-40% ugereranije nicyuma kidafunze. Bikwiranye no gukata muri rusange FCB, birinda umukungugu kwizirika ku cyuma, bigabanya igihe cyo gukora isuku.
• Diyama isa na karubone (DLC): Igikoresho gikomeye cyane (ubukana ≥80 HRC) kirwanya gukuramo umusenyi wa silika. DLC ikozweho na DLC irashobora kumara inshuro 2-3 kurenza ibyuma bya TiN bisize, bigatuma bidahenze kubyara umusaruro mwinshi wa FCB.

4. Guhuza ibikoresho: Guhuza ibyuma byabonye n'imashini zo gutema

Icyuma cyo mu rwego rwohejuru ntigishobora gukora neza nta bikoresho byo gukata bihuye. Ukurikije amabwiriza ya OSHA, gukata FCB bishingiyeimbaraga zamaboko hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ivumbi—Haba umuyaga uhumeka (LEV) cyangwa sisitemu yo gutanga amazi (nubwo LEV ikundwa na FCB kugirango wirinde kwiyubaka).

4.1 Ibikoresho byibanze: Imbaraga zifata amashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu ya LEV

OSHA itegeka ko intoki zifata gukata FCB zigomba kuba zifite ibikoreshosisitemu yo gukusanya ivumbi(LEV) byujuje ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi:

• Ubushobozi bwo guhumeka: ≥25 CFM kuri santimetero imwe ya diameter (urugero, icyuma cya santimetero 8 gisaba ≥200 CFM). Diameter yicyuma igomba guhura na sisitemu ya LEV ya sisitemu-ukoresheje icyuma cya santimetero 6 hamwe na sisitemu ya 200 CFM iremewe (umwuka mwinshi urenze uteza imbere ivumbi), ariko icyuma cya santimetero 9 hamwe na sisitemu imwe nticyubahiriza.
• Akayunguruzo: ≥99% kumukungugu uhumeka. Akayunguruzo ka sisitemu ya LEV igomba gufata umukungugu wa silika kugirango wirinde abakozi; ibiti byabugenewe bigomba kuba byateguwe kugirango bereke umukungugu werekeza ku mwenda wa sisitemu (urugero, materique ya kaburimbo ihuza umukungugu ku cyambu cyo gukusanya).

Mugihe uhuye nicyuma cyibiti, reba ibi bikurikira:

• Ingano ya Arbor. Arbor idahuye itera icyuma cyuma, biganisha ku gukata kutaringaniye kandi umukungugu wiyongera.
• Guhuza umuvuduko: Kubona ibyuma bifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wo kuzunguruka (RPM). Amaboko y'intoki ya FCB mubisanzwe akora kuri 3.000-6,000 RPM; ibyuma bigomba gupimwa byibuze byibuze RPM ntarengwa (urugero, icyuma gipima 8000 RPM gifite umutekano kuri 6.000 RPM).

4.2 Ibikoresho bya kabiri: Sisitemu yo Gutanga Amazi (kuri Scenarios idasanzwe)

Mugihe LEV ikunzwe mugukata FCB, sisitemu yo gutanga amazi (yinjijwe mumaboko y'intoki) irashobora gukoreshwa hanze, gukata amajwi menshi (urugero, gushiraho urukuta rw'inyuma). Iyo ukoresheje sisitemu y'amazi:

• Yabonye ibikoresho: Hitamo matrike idashobora kwangirika (urugero, karbide isize ibyuma) kugirango wirinde ingese.
• Iryinyo: Irinde gutwikira amazi; Ibikoresho bya TiN cyangwa DLC birwanya amazi kandi bigakomeza imikorere.
• Kugenzura buhoro.

4.3 Kubungabunga ibikoresho: Kurinda ibyuma byabonetse no kubahiriza

Kubungabunga ibikoresho bisanzwe byemeza imikorere ya blade no kubahiriza OSHA:

• Kugenzura igitambaro: Reba umwenda wa sisitemu ya LEV (ibice bizengurutse icyuma) kugirango ucike cyangwa udahuye. Igitambaro cyangiritse cyemerera umukungugu guhunga, kabone niyo waba ufite icyuma cyiza cyane.
• Hose ubunyangamugayo.
• Impagarara: Menya neza ko icyuma kibonye gifatanye neza kuri spindle. Icyuma kirekuye kiranyeganyega, gitera gukata no kwambara imburagihe.

5. Isesengura ryimiterere yumusaruro: Ubudozi bwabonye ibyuma bikenera umusaruro

Imiterere yumusaruro - harimo ingano, ibisabwa neza, hamwe nubuziranenge bwubahirizwa - igena “igiciro-cyerekana” impirimbanyi yo guhitamo icyuma.

5.1 Ingano yumusaruro: Umubumbe muto na Volume-nini

• Umusaruro muke (urugero, gukata ahazubakwa): Shyira imbere ibiciro-bikora neza kandi byoroshye. Hitamo HSS cyangwa TiN ikozweho karbide (santimetero 4-6 z'umurambararo) kugirango ugabanye rimwe na rimwe. Ibi byuma birhendutse kandi byoroshye kubisimbuza, kandi diameter ntoya ihuye nicyuma gifata intoki kugirango ikoreshwe kurubuga.
• Umusaruro mwinshi (urugero, uruganda rwambere rwibikoresho bya FCB): Shyira imbere kuramba no gukora neza. Hitamo kuri DLC ikozweho karbide (santimetero 6-8 z'umurambararo) hamwe na TCG yerekana amenyo. Ibi byuma birashobora kwihanganira gukata, kugabanya igihe cyo guhinduka. Byongeye kandi, ubahuze na sisitemu yo hejuru ya LEV (≥200 CFM kuri blade-8) kugirango ukomeze kubahiriza no gutanga umusaruro.

5.2 Gukata Ibisabwa Byuzuye: Imiterere na Imitako

• Imiterere ya FCB (urugero, imizigo itwara imitwaro): Ibisabwa byuzuye biringaniye (± 1mm ​​kugabanya kwihanganira). Hitamo ibyuma 24-32 byinyo hamwe nigishushanyo cya ATB cyangwa TCG - amenyo make atezimbere umuvuduko, kandi imiterere yinyo igabanya gukata bihagije kugirango ushyire muburyo.
• Imitako ya FCB (urugero, imbaho ​​z'urukuta rw'imbere zifite impande zigaragara): Ibisabwa byuzuye birakomeye (± 0.5mm kwihanganira kugabanuka). Hitamo 36-48 yinyo yinyo ifite ibishushanyo bya ATB hamwe na DLC. Amenyo menshi yemeza neza impande zombi, kandi igifuniko kirinda gushushanya, cyujuje ubuziranenge.

5.3 Ibisabwa kubahiriza: OSHA nubuyobozi bwibanze

OSHA 1926.1153 nigipimo cyibanze cyo guca FCB, ariko amabwiriza yinzego zibanze arashobora gushyiraho ibindi bisabwa (urugero, imipaka ihumanya ikirere iva mumijyi). Mugihe uhitamo icyuma:

• Kurwanya ivumbi: Menya neza ko ibyuma bihuza na sisitemu ya LEV (urugero, diameter ≤8 santimetero, materique yo gukuramo ivumbi) kugirango yuzuze imipaka ya silika ihumeka ya OSHA (50 μg / m³ mugihe cyamasaha 8).
• Ikirango cy'umutekano: Hitamo ibyuma bifite ibirango byumutekano bisobanutse (urugero, RPM ntarengwa, diameter, guhuza ibikoresho) kugirango ukurikize ibikoresho bya OSHA byanditseho ibisabwa.
• Kurinda abakozi.

6. Gusaba Ibihe: Guhuza Ibibabi Kubona Kumwanya

Ibice byo guca FCB biratandukana bitewe nibidukikije (hanze nu nzu), gukata ubwoko (kugororoka nu kugororoka), hamwe nikirere cyikirere - ibyo byose bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo icyuma.

6.1 Gukata Hanze (Ikibanza Cyambere kuri FCB)

Kuri OSHA imyitozo myiza, gukata FCB niBikunzwe hanzekugabanya kwirundanya ivumbi (gukata mu nzu bisaba sisitemu yinyongera). Ibintu byo hanze birimo:

• Kwinjiza urukuta rw'inyuma: Irasaba guhagarikwa guhagaritse kandi neza (guhuza idirishya / gufungura umuryango). Hitamo icyuma cya santimetero 6 za ATB (amenyo 36) hamwe na TiN yatwikiriye - ishobora gukoreshwa ku rubuga, kandi igipfundikizo kirwanya ubushuhe bwo hanze.
• Gukata ibisenge hejuru: Irasaba gukata vuba, kugororotse kuri FCB yoroheje (4-6mm). Hitamo amenyo ya TCG ya santimetero 4 (amenyo 24) - diametero ntoya kugirango igere ku gisenge cyoroshye, kandi amenyo ya TCG akora ibisenge byangiza FCB (birimo silika yo hejuru).
• Ibihe: Mubihe byo hanze cyangwa imvura yo hanze, koresha ibyuma birwanya ruswa (urugero, matrices yicyuma). Mugihe cyumuyaga mwinshi, hitamo ibyuma bifite amenyo aringaniye kugirango ugabanye kunyeganyega (umuyaga urashobora kwongerera icyuma).

6.2 Gukata mu nzu (Imanza zidasanzwe)

Gukata imbere muri FCB (urugero, kwishyiriraho ibice by'imbere mu nyubako zifunze) biremewe gusakongera umukungugu:

• Yabonye guhitamo icyuma: Koresha ibyuma 4-6 bya santimetero (diameter ntoya = kubyara umukungugu muke) hamwe na DLC (kugabanya ivumbi). Irinde ibyuma bya santimetero 8 mu nzu - bitanga umukungugu mwinshi, ndetse na sisitemu ya LEV.
• Umunaniro wumufasha: Huza icyuma kibonye hamwe nabafana bagenda (urugero, abafana ba axial) kugirango wuzuze sisitemu ya LEV, werekeza umukungugu werekeza kumyuka. Matrix yumukungugu wumukungugu ugomba guhuza nicyerekezo cyumuyaga.

6.3 Gukata Ubwoko: Ugororotse na Mugoramye

• Gukata neza (bikunze kugaragara): Koresha ibyuma byuzuye bya radiyo (ibizunguruka bisanzwe bizunguruka) hamwe namenyo ya ATB cyangwa TCG. Ibyo byuma bitanga umurongo uhamye, ugororotse kuri panne, sitidiyo, cyangwa trim.
• Gukata kugoramye (urugero, inzira): Koresha ubugari bugufi (≤0.08 z'ubugari) ufite amenyo meza (amenyo 48). Ibyuma byoroheje biroroshye guhinduka gukata, kandi amenyo meza arinda gukata kumpera. Irinde icyuma kibyibushye - kirakomeye kandi gishobora kuvunika mugihe cyo gukata.

7. Umwanzuro: Urwego rutunganijwe rwo kubona icyuma cyo gutoranya

Guhitamo icyuma gikwiye cya fibre ciment ikata icyuma gisaba uburyo bwuzuye buhuza ibintu bifatika, ibipimo byerekana ibyuma, guhuza ibikoresho, imiterere yumusaruro, hamwe nibisabwa - byose mugihe byubahiriza amahame yumutekano ya OSHA. Mu ncamake uburyo bwo gutoranya:

1. Tangira ukoresheje ibikoresho.
2. Funga urufunguzo rwabonye ibipimo: Menya neza diameter ≤8 santimetero (kubahiriza OSHA), hitamo matrix / iryinyo / igifuniko ukurikije ingano yumusaruro (DLC kubijwi ryinshi) kandi neza (kubara amenyo maremare yo gukata imitako).
3. Huza n'ibikoresho: Kugenzura ingano ya arbor, guhuza RPM, hamwe na sisitemu ya LEV ya sisitemu (≥25 CFM / inch) kugirango umenye neza imikorere no kugenzura ivumbi.
4. Huza nuburyo bwo gukora: Kuringaniza ibiciro no kuramba (amajwi make: HSS; amajwi menshi: DLC) kandi yujuje ibisabwa / kubahiriza ibisabwa.
5. Hindura ibintu: Shyira imbere ibyuma-byo hanze (birwanya ruswa) kubikorwa byakazi, kandi ukoreshe ibyuma bigufi, byoroshye kugirango ucibwe.

Mugukurikiza ubu buryo, abayikora, abashoramari, nabahimbyi barashobora guhitamo ibyuma bidatanga gusa umusaruro mwiza, wo mu rwego rwo hejuru wo gukata FCB ariko kandi bikanubahiriza kubahiriza amahame ya OSHA kandi bikarinda abakozi kwanduza ivumbi rya silika - amaherezo bikagera ku buringanire bwimikorere, umutekano, no gukoresha neza ibiciro.