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Dziwani zinthuzo

Magulu Ofanana a Zinthu

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu pamsika Kudula kozizira kumapangidwira msika wa mbale zachitsulo.

Mapepala achitsulo makamaka amakhala ndi magulu atatu:

Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi zinthu:

1. zipangizo zokongoletsera zachitsulo chachitsulo
2. zipangizo zokongoletsera zachitsulo zopanda chitsulo
3. zipangizo zapadera zokongoletsera zachitsulo

Chitsulo Chakuda

Zipangizo zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu uinjiniya makamaka ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, zomwe ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi kaboni ngati zinthu zazikulu.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito podula zinthu zozizira?

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa zipangizo zachitsulo chapakati, chapamwamba komanso chotsika cha kaboni

Chitsulo cha kaboni chimatanthauza zitsulo ndi kaboni zomwe zili ndi kaboni wochepera 2.11%.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kaboni, ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu:

Chitsulo chotsika cha kaboni (0.1 ~ 0.25%)

Chitsulo cha kaboni chapakati (0.25 ~ 0.6%)

Chitsulo cha kaboni chochuluka (0.6 ~ 1.7%)

1. Chitsulo Chofatsa

Chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chitsulo chofatsa, chitsulo chopanda mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wochepa kuyambira 0.10% mpaka 0.25% n'chosavuta kulandira njira zosiyanasiyana monga kupangira, kuwotcherera ndi kudula. Nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga unyolo, ma rivets, mabolts, shafts, ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu ya Chitsulo Chofatsa

Chitsulo cha ngodya, chitsulo cha njira, I-beam, chitoliro chachitsulo, mzere wachitsulo kapena mbale yachitsulo.

Udindo wa chitsulo chotsika mpweya

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomangira, makontena, mabokosi, uvuni, makina a zaulimi, ndi zina zotero. Chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri chopanda mpweya woipa chimakulungidwa m'mapepala opyapyala kuti chipange zinthu zokokedwa mozama monga magalimoto ndi ma hood a injini; chimakulungidwanso m'mipiringidzo ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamakanika zomwe sizifuna mphamvu zambiri. Chitsulo chopanda mpweya woipa nthawi zambiri sichimatenthedwa chisanagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Omwe ali ndi kaboni woposa 0.15% amapangidwa ndi carburised kapena cyanided ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga shafts, bushings, sprockets ndi zina zomwe zimafuna kutentha kwambiri pamwamba komanso kukana kuwonongeka bwino.

Chitsulo chofewa sichigwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zochepa. Kuonjezera moyenera kuchuluka kwa manganese mu chitsulo cha kaboni ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa vanadium, titaniyamu, niobium ndi zinthu zina zosakaniza kungawongolere kwambiri mphamvu ya chitsulocho. Ngati kuchuluka kwa kaboni mu chitsulo kwachepa ndipo aluminiyamu yochepa, zinthu zochepa zopangira boron ndi carbide ziwonjezedwa, gulu la kaboni lotsika kwambiri lingapezeke lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso limasunga pulasitiki yabwino komanso kulimba.

1.2. Chitsulo cha mpweya chapakati

Chitsulo cha kaboni chokhala ndi mpweya wa 0.25% ~ 0.60%.

Pali zinthu zambiri kuphatikizapo chitsulo chophedwa, chitsulo chophedwa pang'ono, chitsulo chophikidwa ndi zina zotero.

Kuwonjezera pa kaboni, imathanso kukhala ndi zochepa (0.70% ~ 1.20%).

Malinga ndi khalidwe la mankhwala, amagawidwa m'zitsulo wamba wa kaboni ndi chitsulo chapamwamba cha kaboni.

Kukonza ndi kudula kwa kutentha ndi bwino, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwawotcherera ndi koipa. Mphamvu ndi kuuma kwake ndi kwakukulu kuposa chitsulo chopanda mpweya, koma kulimba kwake ndi kotsika poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chopanda mpweya. Zipangizo zotenthetsera ndi zokokedwa ndi ozizira zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha, kapena zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mutagwiritsa ntchito kutentha.

Chitsulo chapakati cha kaboni chikatha kuzimitsidwa ndi kutenthedwa chimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino zamakina. Kulimba kwakukulu komwe kungapezeke ndi pafupifupi HRC55 (HB538), ndipo σb ndi 600 ~ 1100MPa. Chifukwa chake, pakati pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu zapakati, chitsulo chapakati cha kaboni ndicho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kupatula kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo zomangira, chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina.

Mitundu ya Chitsulo cha Carbon chapakati

40, 45 chitsulo, chitsulo chophedwa, chitsulo chophedwa pang'ono, chitsulo chowira…

Udindo wa Chitsulo cha Mpweya Wapakati

Chitsulo chapakati cha kaboni chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zida zoyenda zolimba kwambiri, monga ma compressor a mpweya ndi ma pistoni a pampu, ma impeller a turbine ya nthunzi, ma shaft olemera a makina, nyongolotsi, magiya, ndi zina zotero, zida zosawonongeka pamwamba, ma crankshaft, zida zamakina Ma spindle, ma rollers, zida za bench, ndi zina zotero.

1.3. Chitsulo cha kaboni chochuluka

Kawirikawiri imatchedwa chida chachitsulo, imakhala ndi kaboni kuyambira 0.60% mpaka 1.70% ndipo imatha kuuma ndi kufewetsedwa.

Nyundo, mipiringidzo, ndi zina zotero zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wa 0.75%; zida zodulira monga zobowolera, matepi, zosinthira madzi, ndi zina zotero zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wa 0.90% mpaka 1.00%.

Mitundu ya Chitsulo Chapamwamba cha Carbon

Chitsulo cha 50CrV4: Ndi mtundu wa chitsulo cholimba kwambiri komanso chotanuka, chomwe chimapangidwa makamaka ndi kaboni, chromium, molybdenum ndi vanadium ndi zinthu zina. Nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga akasupe ndi zida zopangira.

Chitsulo cha 65Mn: Ndi chitsulo champhamvu komanso cholimba kwambiri chopangidwa ndi kaboni, manganese ndi zinthu zina. Nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masiponji, mipeni ndi zida zamakanika.

Chitsulo cha 75Cr1: Ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi kaboni wambiri, chokhala ndi chromium yambiri, chomwe chimapangidwa makamaka ndi kaboni, chromium ndi zinthu zina. Chili ndi kuuma kwakukulu komanso kusawonongeka ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masamba a macheka ndi zoziziritsira.

Chitsulo cha C80: Ndi mtundu wa chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri, chomwe chimapangidwa makamaka ndi zinthu monga kaboni ndi manganese. Nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zolimba kwambiri monga masamba a macheka, mbale zolumikizira ndi masipuri.

Udindo wa Chitsulo Chokwera cha Kaboni

Chitsulo cha kaboni wambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

1. Zipangizo zamagalimoto
   Chitsulo cha kaboni wambiri nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu monga masipiringi a magalimoto ndi ma brake drums kuti chiwongolere chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a galimoto.
2. Mipeni ndi masamba
   Chitsulo cha kaboni wambiri chili ndi mawonekedwe a kuuma kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zodulira ndi zoyika, zomwe zingathandize kukonza bwino kudula ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwirira ntchito.
3. Zida zopangira
   Chitsulo cha kaboni wambiri chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ma forging dies, zida zopangira zozizira, ma hot dies, ndi zina zotero kuti zinthu zomalizidwa zikhale zolondola komanso zolimba.
4. Zida zamakina
   Chitsulo cha kaboni wambiri chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zida zosiyanasiyana zamakaniko, monga ma bearing, magiya, ma wheel hubs, ndi zina zotero, kuti chiwongolere kugwira ntchito bwino komanso mphamvu yonyamula katundu.

(2) Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala

Chitsulo chimagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndipo chingagawidwe m'magulu a chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo cha alloy.

2.1. Chitsulo cha kaboni

Chitsulo cha kaboni ndi aloyi yachitsulo ndi kaboni yokhala ndi kaboni wa 0.0218% ~ 2.11%. Imatchedwanso kaboni chitsulo. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi silicon, manganese, sulfure, ndi phosphorous pang'ono. Kawirikawiri, kaboni ikachuluka mu chitsulo cha kaboni, kuuma kwake ndi mphamvu zake zimakhala zazikulu, koma pulasitiki imachepa.

2.2. Chitsulo cha aloyi

Chitsulo cha alloy chimapangidwa powonjezera zinthu zina zosakaniza ku chitsulo cha kaboni wamba. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosakaniza zomwe zawonjezeredwa, chitsulo cha alloy chingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: chitsulo chopanda alloy (kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse za alloy ≤5%), chitsulo cha alloy chapakati (5% ~ 10%) ndi chitsulo chopanda alloy chapamwamba (≥10%).

Momwe Mungasankhire Chotsukira Chozizira Chabwino

Zipangizo zodulira: Kudula kozizira kwachitsulo chouma ndikoyenera kukonza chitsulo chopanda aloyi, chitsulo chapakati ndi chopanda mpweya, chitsulo chopangidwa, chitsulo chomangidwa ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi kuuma kochepera HRC40, makamaka zitsulo zosinthidwa.

Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chozungulira, chitsulo cha ngodya, chitsulo cha ngodya, chitsulo cha njira, chubu cha sikweya, I-beam, aluminiyamu, chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (podula chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, pepala lapadera lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri liyenera kusinthidwa)

Malamulo osavuta osankha

1. Sankhani chiwerengero cha mano a tsamba la macheka malinga ndi kukula kwa zinthu zodulira

2. Sankhani mndandanda wa masamba odulidwa malinga ndi zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwake

Kodi zotsatira zake zili bwanji?

1. Kudula zinthu zofunika

Mapeto

Zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa zipangizo zina ndi masamba a macheka, ndi momwe mungasankhire.
Zimadaliranso chipangizo chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tidzakambirana za izi mtsogolomu.
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